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Substance use among people with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic and earthquakes: the role of community-based treatment
- S. Levaj, S. Medved, J. Gerlach, L. Shields-Zeeman, F. Bolinski, Z. Bradaš, Z. Madžarac, I. Rojnić Palavra, M. Rojnić Kuzman
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S598
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Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted mental healthcare delivery in many countries. The restricted access to psychiatric services and double disasters (pandemic and earthquakes) coincided in Croatia, potentially placing people with severe mental illness (SMI) in a very vulnerable position.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the changes in substance use in people with SMI in the first and the second COVID-19 wave and co-occurring earthquakes. The secondary aim was to explore whether the type of treatment (community mental health teams (CMHT) vs. treatment as usual) influenced those changes.
MethodsThis study was nested within the RECOVER-E project (LaRge-scalE implementation of COmmunity based mental health care for people with seVere and Enduring mental ill health in EuRopE, Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement No 779362). The study involved 90 participants with SMI assessed at two time points: in May/June 2020 (during the first COVID-19 wave and after Zagreb earthquake) and in December 2020/January 2021 (during the second COVID-19 wave and after Petrinja earthquake). The changes in the use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, cannabis, other drugs, sedatives) were assessed using self-reported survey.
ResultsThe increase in tobacco smoking behavior and the use of sedatives was observed in both COVID-19 waves in people with SMI. No increase was reported in cannabis and other drugs use, while less than 5% of participants reported increase in alcohol consumption. Not receiving CMHT service predicted the increase in sedative use.
ConclusionsEnsuring accessible mental health care provided by CMHT is recommended for counteracting the negative effect of external stressors (such as pandemic and co-occurring earthquakes) on the increased substance use among people with SMI.
Disclosure of InterestS. Levaj Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., S. Medved Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., J. Gerlach: None Declared, L. Shields-Zeeman Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., F. Bolinski Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., Z. Bradaš Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., Z. Madžarac Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., I. Rojnić Palavra: None Declared, M. Rojnić Kuzman Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362.
Australian square kilometre array pathfinder: I. system description
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- A. W. Hotan, J. D. Bunton, A. P. Chippendale, M. Whiting, J. Tuthill, V. A. Moss, D. McConnell, S. W. Amy, M. T. Huynh, J. R. Allison, C. S. Anderson, K. W. Bannister, E. Bastholm, R. Beresford, D. C.-J. Bock, R. Bolton, J. M. Chapman, K. Chow, J. D. Collier, F. R. Cooray, T. J. Cornwell, P. J. Diamond, P. G. Edwards, I. J. Feain, T. M. O. Franzen, D. George, N. Gupta, G. A. Hampson, L. Harvey-Smith, D. B. Hayman, I. Heywood, C. Jacka, C. A. Jackson, S. Jackson, K. Jeganathan, S. Johnston, M. Kesteven, D. Kleiner, B. S. Koribalski, K. Lee-Waddell, E. Lenc, E. S. Lensson, S. Mackay, E. K. Mahony, N. M. McClure-Griffiths, R. McConigley, P. Mirtschin, A. K. Ng, R. P. Norris, S. E. Pearce, C. Phillips, M. A. Pilawa, W. Raja, J. E. Reynolds, P. Roberts, D. N. Roxby, E. M. Sadler, M. Shields, A. E. T. Schinckel, P. Serra, R. D. Shaw, T. Sweetnam, E. R. Troup, A. Tzioumis, M. A. Voronkov, T. Westmeier
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 38 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 March 2021, e009
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In this paper, we describe the system design and capabilities of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope at the conclusion of its construction project and commencement of science operations. ASKAP is one of the first radio telescopes to deploy phased array feed (PAF) technology on a large scale, giving it an instantaneous field of view that covers $31\,\textrm{deg}^{2}$ at $800\,\textrm{MHz}$. As a two-dimensional array of 36$\times$12 m antennas, with baselines ranging from 22 m to 6 km, ASKAP also has excellent snapshot imaging capability and 10 arcsec resolution. This, combined with 288 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth and a unique third axis of rotation on each antenna, gives ASKAP the capability to create high dynamic range images of large sky areas very quickly. It is an excellent telescope for surveys between 700 and $1800\,\textrm{MHz}$ and is expected to facilitate great advances in our understanding of galaxy formation, cosmology, and radio transients while opening new parameter space for discovery of the unknown.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder: System Architecture and Specifications of the Boolardy Engineering Test Array
- A. W. Hotan, J. D. Bunton, L. Harvey-Smith, B. Humphreys, B. D. Jeffs, T. Shimwell, J. Tuthill, M. Voronkov, G. Allen, S. Amy, K. Ardern, P. Axtens, L. Ball, K. Bannister, S. Barker, T. Bateman, R. Beresford, D. Bock, R. Bolton, M. Bowen, B. Boyle, R. Braun, S. Broadhurst, D. Brodrick, K. Brooks, M. Brothers, A. Brown, C. Cantrall, G. Carrad, J. Chapman, W. Cheng, A. Chippendale, Y. Chung, F. Cooray, T. Cornwell, E. Davis, L. de Souza, D. DeBoer, P. Diamond, P. Edwards, R. Ekers, I. Feain, D. Ferris, R. Forsyth, R. Gough, A. Grancea, N. Gupta, J. C. Guzman, G. Hampson, C. Haskins, S. Hay, D. Hayman, S. Hoyle, C. Jacka, C. Jackson, S. Jackson, K. Jeganathan, S. Johnston, J. Joseph, R. Kendall, M. Kesteven, D. Kiraly, B. Koribalski, M. Leach, E. Lenc, E. Lensson, L. Li, S. Mackay, A. Macleod, T. Maher, M. Marquarding, N. McClure-Griffiths, D. McConnell, S. Mickle, P. Mirtschin, R. Norris, S. Neuhold, A. Ng, J. O’Sullivan, J. Pathikulangara, S. Pearce, C. Phillips, R. Y. Qiao, J. E. Reynolds, A. Rispler, P. Roberts, D. Roxby, A. Schinckel, R. Shaw, M. Shields, M. Storey, T. Sweetnam, E. Troup, B. Turner, A. Tzioumis, T. Westmeier, M. Whiting, C. Wilson, T. Wilson, K. Wormnes, X. Wu
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 31 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 November 2014, e041
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This paper describes the system architecture of a newly constructed radio telescope – the Boolardy engineering test array, which is a prototype of the Australian square kilometre array pathfinder telescope. Phased array feed technology is used to form multiple simultaneous beams per antenna, providing astronomers with unprecedented survey speed. The test array described here is a six-antenna interferometer, fitted with prototype signal processing hardware capable of forming at least nine dual-polarisation beams simultaneously, allowing several square degrees to be imaged in a single pointed observation. The main purpose of the test array is to develop beamforming and wide-field calibration methods for use with the full telescope, but it will also be capable of limited early science demonstrations.
Contributors
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
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- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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Effects of sowing date and planting density on the structure and yield of autumn-sown, florally-determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus) in the United Kingdom
- I. Shield, H. J. Stevenson, J. E. Leach, T. Scott, J. M. Day, G. F. J. Milford
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- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 127 / Issue 2 / September 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2009, pp. 183-191
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The effects of varying the sowing date (early September-late October) and plant density (14–70 seeds/m2) on the establishment, overwinter survival, structure and yield of an autumn-sown, florallydeterminate line (CH304/70) of the white lupin (Lupinus albus) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994. Crops established well when sown in early September and were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive prolonged and extremely severe early winter frosts, but crops sown in late October either lost many plants or were destroyed completely. There was a strong interaction between sowing date and autumn weather on crop structure and yield. Late sowing and cold autumn weather restricted the number of mainstem leaves and first-order lateral branches on the plant, and decreased plant height and yield potential.
Despite considerable differences between years in the weather during the summer and autumn, all crops were harvested in early September. Grain yields ranged from 0·3 to 4·5 t/ha depending on season, sowing date and plant density. Yields were strongly correlated with the number of podbearing axes and pods per m2 and, although actual yields differed depending on growing conditions, the same number of pod-bearing axes (100/m2) was required in each year to achieve maximum yield. The effects of sowing date and autumn weather on plant structure were well predicted by a simple developmental model that related vernalization and leaf development to post-sowing temperature.
Field-based nutritional response evaluation of the intolerant white lupin (Lupinus albus) cultivar Lucyanne to a lime-amended soil
- S. J. KERLEY, I. F. SHIELD, T. SCOTT, H. STEVENSON
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 142 / Issue 2 / April 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 October 2004, pp. 153-161
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Two field experiments examined the nutritional responses of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) agronomic cultivar Lucyanne to lime-amended soil. In the first, plots and boundaries of a pre-existing lime-rate experiment were sampled in 1993. The maximum shoot dry matter production occurred between soil pH 4·9 and 7·2. Whole-shoot Al concentrations increased below soil pH 4·9, and plants died at pH 4·4. Although dry matter production declined in soil above pH 7·2, no chlorosis or plant death was seen. Only the whole-shoot soluble Ca concentration changed from neutral to alkaline pH soil: it was greatest when grown in the alkaline-pH soil. In the second experiment, plants were grown in neutral pH or limed soil in 2000. Shoots were divided into specific tissue types and analysed for Fe III and Fe II, as well as soluble and insoluble Ca fractions. When sampled in April after over-wintering, the higher Ca concentration in the limed compared with neutral-pH soil-grown plants was due mainly to insoluble Ca. No plants were chlorotic and no differences between the treatments in the concentrations of either form of Fe were found. In June no plants were chlorotic, however the concentrations of both total and soluble Ca fractions were greater in the limed than the neutral-pH soil-grown plants, and there was more stem Fe III and less leaf Fe II in these plants. The present study shows that the cultivar Lucyanne is not a reliable crop plant above pH 7·2, and the loss of shoot dry matter can be attributed to nutritional responses at a sub-chlorotic level of stress.
The effects of seed rate and row spacing on light interception, dry matter accumulation and seed yield, in non-dwarf and dwarf genotypes of autumn-sown determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus) in north-west Europe
- I. F. SHIELD, T. SCOTT, C. HUYGHE, M. BRUNEAU, B. PARISSEAUX, J. PAPINEAU, N. HARZIC, H. J. STEVENSON, J. E. LEACH
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 138 / Issue 1 / February 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 February 2002, pp. 39-55
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Two non-dwarf and two dwarf, autumn-sown determinate genotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were sown at three sites in north-west Europe in the crop years, 1995–96, 1996–97 and 1997–98. Fully factorial experimental designs were used to analyse all combinations of genotype, seed rate and row spacing. Canopy expansion, expressed as the percentage of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) intercepted, and above ground dry matter (DM) accumulation were measured at frequent intervals during the main growing season at Rothamsted in the UK and Lusignan in France. The data from Rothamsted were used to derive models for the two processes, which were compared to the data from Lusignan, France.
Crops with more than 23 plants/m2, 25 main stem leaves per plant or 1400 leaves/m2 were able to intercept more than 80% of the incident PAR. There were small differences in canopy expansion between genotypes. The non-dwarf genotypes began expansion slightly earlier (100–150 °Cd or thermal time in °Cdays, base temperature = 3 °C) than the dwarf genotypes. Crops sown on rows wider than 40 cm apart or with low plant densities (less than 23 plants/m2) were also slower to expand the canopy and intercept the PAR.
The maximum quantity of dry matter accumulated by a genotype in the season (476–1044 g/m2) was related by a conversion efficiency (e) to the cumulative quantity of PAR intercepted. Values of e were generally in the range 0·92–1·65 g DM/MJ PAR during the early part of the growing season, which was comparable with other work on temperate-zone grain legumes. The non-dwarf genotype Ludet achieved an unusually large value of e (3·13 g DM/MJ PAR) and accumulated 1355 g DM/m2 at Lusignan in 1998. Late season drought in 1995–96 at Rothamsted produced some low values of e (0·75 and 0·88 g DM/MJ PAR).
The seed yield was not related to the quantity of dry matter accumulated as harvest index varied from 22·3% to 49·7%. Maximum seed yield (4·54 t/ha) was produced from a low plant density (15·9 plants/m2). Mutual shading, caused by any combination of high plant densities, large numbers of leaves per plant or sowing on wide rows (>40 cm; at high plant densities within the rows) appeared to limit seed yield potential.
The causes of over-winter plant losses of autumn-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus) in different regions of the UK over three seasons
- I. F. SHIELD, T. SCOTT, H. J. STEVENSON, J. E. LEACH, A. D. TODD
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 135 / Issue 2 / September 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 November 2000, pp. 173-183
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A series of experiments were carried out at 14 sites in the major arable areas of the UK, in the years 1993–94, 1994–95 and 1995–96 to determine the causes and extent of over-winter plant losses of two autumn-sown cultivars of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.).
Over the three seasons frost was the major cause of plant losses. Two mechanisms (one known and one not previously reported in the UK) of frost tolerance under field conditions were identified: (i) lignification of the root parenchyma early in the life of the seedling, and (ii) a large vernalization requirement of the main-stem apex, which delays stem elongation in older plants. A model was developed that could be used to predict the susceptibility of these lupin cultivars to the first severe frost of the winter using accumulated thermal time (above a base temperature of 3 °C).
The effect of sowing at the beginning or end of a sowing window, calculated to optimize plant architecture the following summer, therefore varied with the weather during the autumn/winter period. A combination of cool autumn weather and late sowing (outside of the sowing window) resulted in plant losses due to a lack of lignification of the root parenchyma. In unusually warm autumn conditions (1994–95 and 1995–96) plants sown at the beginning of the sowing window were well developed before the first frosts occurred, with consequent stem elongation and plant losses.
Although losses due to pests were not severe (c. 3 to 5 plants/m2), plants were attacked during the autumn by grey field slugs (Deroceras reticulatum Muller), bean seed flies (Delia platura Meigen), and probably thrips (Thrips angusticeps Uzel, Noctuidae), although this has not been confirmed. The fungal pathogens Fusarium spp. and Botrytis cinerea Pers. caused losses in conjunction with frost damage.
Seed and pod development of autumn-sown, determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus) in relation to the assimilation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen in crops grown at different densities
- G. F. J. MILFORD, I. F. SHIELD, H. J. STEVENSON, T. SCOTT, J. E. LEACH
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- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 133 / Issue 2 / September 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 1999, pp. 141-150
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Pod and seed growth were studied in two experiments in which the plant's source-sink relationships were modified by (a) manually pruning an autumn-sown, indeterminate white lupin variety, Lunoble, to a determinate form, and (b) by growing a determinate variety, Lucyane, at densities ranging from 7 to 35 plants/m2. The pruning experiments indicated that the faster pod growth rate of determinate genotypes was not an inherent genetic trait but an indirect physiological consequence of the plant's changed architecture. In the density experiment, crop dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) were maximum at the end of pod extension in late July and similar across the plant density range at c. 12 t DM and 320 kg N/ha. Therefore, the amount of dry matter per plant decreased proportionately with the increase in plant number. The DM and N contents of the pod walls were also maximum at the end of pod extension, but seeds contained only a third of their final DM and a quarter of their final N. Protein accumulation during the final stages of seed growth, therefore, depended on the remobilization of nitrogen from other plant organs, primarily the leaves and pod walls. Nitrogen withdrawn from the leaves accounted for 44% of the gain in the pods, and N withdrawn from pod walls for 50–60% of the gain in the seed.
Seed number/m2 was the major yield component. Seeds and pods mainly aborted during early development, but seed number per pod was also decreased by some seed abortion after full pod extension, especially in first-order pods of plants grown at high density. The number of late-aborted seeds was negatively correlated with the amount of N remobilized from the pod wall. In determinate lupins, which have highly synchronous flowering and pod development, the large and sudden remobilization of nitrogen from leaves and pod walls for seed growth and protein accumulation triggered crop senescence.
A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 2. Effects on vegetation and weed control
- I. F. SHIELD, E. T. G. BACON
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- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 130 / Issue 4 / June 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 1998, pp. 389-397
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Six management regimes for 1-year set-aside were compared with continuous winter wheat for their effects on weed control in two following test crops of winter wheat. The experiment was repeated in each of three years (1989–91) on predominantly sandy loam soils in eastern England. The weed flora was dominated by Poa spp., Stellaria media, Matricaria spp., Chenopodium album and volunteer crops, predominantly wheat.
Managing set-aside by allowing natural regeneration and cutting it 2–4 times during the growing season resulted in fewest weeds in the following wheat crop. It was also a low cost option. Winter wheat, despite the application of herbicides, was not as effective in minimizing weeds in the winter wheat test crops as the best set-aside options.
An Italian ryegrass cover crop set seed despite being cut 2–4 times per year. The only serious weed infestation arising in following wheat crops was from volunteer ryegrass in the second wheat following set-aside. The effects of management in the set-aside year were generally greater in the second of the following wheats than in the first.